Forging Democracy: The History of the Left in Europe, 1850-2000

Forging Democracy: The History of the Left in Europe, 1850-2000

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Democracy has emerged relatively recently in Europe. It was only after World War II that democratic frameworks were secured, although it took several decades for democracy to fully encompass the continent. The establishment and preservation of democracy were not easy tasks, as they required conflict, sometimes including violent confrontations, and challenges to the established political order. Geoff Eley convincingly argues that democracy in Europe did not develop naturally through a consensus, economic prosperity, or the influence of the Cold War. Instead, it was painstakingly constructed, continuously expanded, and steadfastly defended by various radical movements, such as socialist, feminist, and Communist groups, which initially emerged in the late nineteenth century. The Left-wing parties played a significant role in advocating for democracy during the revolutionary crisis after World War I, safeguarding it against the threat of fascism, and fostering its growth after 1945. These parties organized civil societies that were rooted in egalitarian ideals, forming the fundamental fabric of Europe's present democratic traditions. Therefore, the history of European democracy and the trajectory of the European Left are inseparably intertwined. Geoff Eley's comprehensive exploration offers the first-ever account of the European Left, examining its achievements and failures, triumphs and setbacks, accomplishments, weaknesses, and excesses. Most importantly, it sheds light on its enduring and formative influence on the political landscape of Europe. At a time when the legitimacy and impact of the Left are often questioned, Forging Democracy ardently defends its vital contribution.

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